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VMware vSphere Update Manager Download Service (UMDS) 是 vSphere Lifecycle Manager（vLCM） 的可选模块。我在之前文章中提到这个功能，当 vSphere 环境能够连接 Internet 时，我们可以使用 vLCM 的在线 Internet 下载源获取修补程序，当 vSphere 环境不能连接 Internet 时，您可以在您的环境中找到一台能够访问 Internet 的服务器安装 UMDS，通过配置 UMDS 下载升级、修补程序二进制文件和修补程序元数据并自动执行导出过程，最后在 vSphere Lifecycle Manager 配置 UMDS 下载存储库后即可实现与连接 Internet 在线下载库使用一样的效果。
UMDS 必须与 vSphere Lifecycle Manager 版本相同。例如，vSphere Lifecycle Manager 8.0 只能与 UMDS 8.0 配置使用，如果您使用的是新版本的 vSphere Lifecycle Manager，则 UMDS 也必须为相同的新版本。您无法升级 UMDS，您可以卸载当前版本的 UMDS，根据系统要求执行 UMDS 的全新安装，并使用之前已卸载的 UMDS 的修补程序存储。UMDS 8.0 支持修补程序撤消和通知。如果 VMware 发布的修补程序存在问题或可能存在问题，撤消修补程序后，UMDS 下载的修补程序数据会进行同步，vSphere Lifecycle Manager 那边同样会删除已撤消的修补程序。
只能在基于 Linux 的操作系统上安装 UMDS。不再支持在 Windows 计算机上安装 UMDS。UMDS 是 64 位应用程序，要求使用 64 位 Linux 系统。支持在以下 Linux 发行版上安装并使用 Update Manager Download Service (UMDS) 。通过在 Linux 上运行的 UMDS 下载修补程序时，不需要具有管理员级别访问权限。安装 UMDS 的计算机必须能够访问 Internet。
Ubuntu 14.04 Ubuntu 18.04 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0
注意，使用 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1 时，必须在部署了 UMDS 的系统上安装 libnsl 软件包版本 2.28 或更高版本。如果系统中不存在该软件包，UMDS 操作可能会失败，并显示以下错误：
加载共享库 libnsl.so.1 时出错: 无法打开共享对象文件: 无此类文件或目录 (Error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)。
一、UMDS 安装#
本次环境准了一台 Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS 服务器，对于 Linux 服务器的安装设置可以使用标准安装即可，配置好 DNS 和 NTP。
root@umds:~# cat /etc/os-release NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="20.04.6 LTS (Focal Fossa)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS" VERSION_ID="20.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=focal UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal root@umds:~# uname -a Linux umds 5.4.0-144-generic #161-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 3 14:49:04 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux root@umds:~#
Linux 系统准备好以后，以 root 管理员 ssh 登陆到 shell，运行 apt-get update/upgrade 命令确保一切保持最新的状态。
root@umds:~# apt-get update Hit:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal InRelease Hit:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease Hit:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease Hit:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-security InRelease Reading package lists... Done root@umds:~# apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic python3-update-manager ubuntu-advantage-tools update-manager-core 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. root@umds:~#
在 vSphere 8.0 版本中，UMDS 8.0 安装包捆绑在 vCenter Server Appliance 8.0 的完整 ISO 安装镜像中。当前环境是 vCenter 8.0 U2b（内部版本号 23319993），解压 vCenter 的 ISO 镜像（VMware-VMvisor-Installer-8.0U2b-23305546.x86_64.iso）到本地并找到 umds 文件夹可以发现 UMDS 安装包，如下图所示。
将 UMDS 安装包上传到准备的 Linux 服务器，解压 UMDS 安装包并进入安装目录。
root@umds:~# ls -l total 29424 drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 6 10:31 snap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30122205 Jun 6 12:25 VMware-UMDS-8.0.2.00200-12698893.tar.gz root@umds:~# tar -zxvf VMware-UMDS-8.0.2.00200-12698893.tar.gz vmware-umds-distrib/ vmware-umds-distrib/share/ vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_base_postgresql.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-100-110.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-110-120.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-120-130.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-130-140.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-140-150.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-150-160.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-160-170.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-170-180.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-180-190.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-190-200.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-200-210.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-210-220.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-220-230.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-230-240.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-240-250.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-250-260.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-260-270.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-270-280.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-280-290.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-290-300.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-300-310.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-310-320.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-320-330.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-330-340.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-340-350.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-350-360.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-360-370.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-370-380.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_data_postgresql-380-390.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_noversion_postgresql_configuration.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-100-110.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-110-120.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-120-130.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-130-140.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-140-150.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-150-160.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-160-170.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-170-180.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-180-190.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-190-200.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-200-210.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-210-220.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-220-230.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-230-240.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-240-250.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-250-260.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-260-270.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-270-280.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-280-290.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-290-300.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-300-310.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-310-320.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-320-330.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-330-340.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-340-350.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-350-360.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-360-370.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-370-380.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql-380-390.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_proc_postgresql.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-100-110.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-110-120.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-120-130.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-130-140.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-140-150.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-150-160.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-160-170.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-170-180.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-180-190.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-190-200.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-200-210.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-210-220.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-220-230.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-230-240.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-240-250.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-250-260.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-260-270.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-270-280.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-280-290.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-290-300.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-300-310.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-310-320.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-320-330.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-330-340.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-340-350.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-350-360.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-360-370.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-370-380.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_table_postgresql-380-390.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/VCI_undo_postgresql.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/odbc.ini.postgres.tpl vmware-umds-distrib/share/odbc.ini.tpl vmware-umds-distrib/share/odbcinst.ini.tpl vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_audit_postgresql_trigger.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_config_postgresql_procs-230-240.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_depot_addons_removed_components_postgresql_trigger.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_last_applied_commit_postgresql_trigger.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_policy_postgresql_trigger.sql vmware-umds-distrib/share/vci_pm_task_postgresql_trigger.sql vmware-umds-distrib/EULA vmware-umds-distrib/vmware-install.pl vmware-umds-distrib/bin/ vmware-umds-distrib/bin/7z vmware-umds-distrib/bin/7z.so vmware-umds-distrib/bin/vmware-umds vmware-umds-distrib/bin/vmware-vciInstallUtils vmware-umds-distrib/bin/downloadConfig.xml vmware-umds-distrib/bin/umds vmware-umds-distrib/bin/vciInstallUtils vmware-umds-distrib/bin/vciInstallUtils_config.xml vmware-umds-distrib/bin/vmware-updatemgr-wrapper vmware-umds-distrib/lib/ vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libcares.so.2 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libcom_err.so.3 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libcrypto.so.3 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libcurl.so.4 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libdcerpc.so.1 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libexpat.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libgcc_s.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libgssapi_krb5.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libintegrity-types.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libk5crypto.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libkrb5.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libkrb5support.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblber.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libldap_r-2.4.so.2 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblsaclient.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblsacommon.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwadvapi.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwadvapi_nothr.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwbase.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwbase_nothr.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwioclient.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwiocommon.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwioshareinfo.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwmsg.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/liblwmsg_nothr.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libodbc.so.2 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libregclient.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libregcommon.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/librsutils.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libsasl2.so.3 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libschannel.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libssl.so.3 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libssoclient.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libstdc++.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libstdc++.so.6 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libufa-agent.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libufa-common.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libufa-types.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libuuid.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvci-registrar.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvci-vcIntegrity.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvim-types.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvmacore.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvmafdclient.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvmcaclient.so.0 vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvmomi.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libvsanmgmt-types.so vmware-umds-distrib/lib/libz.so.1 root@umds:~# ls -l total 29428 drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 6 10:31 snap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30122205 Jun 6 12:25 VMware-UMDS-8.0.2.00200-12698893.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 1 2000 vmware-umds-distrib root@umds:~# cd vmware-umds-distrib/ root@umds:~/vmware-umds-distrib# ls -l total 92 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 1 2000 bin -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 33313 Jan 1 2000 EULA drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 1 2000 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 1 2000 share -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 44745 Jan 1 2000 vmware-install.pl root@umds:~/vmware-umds-distrib#
运行 ./vmware-install.pl 文件，开始安装并接受 EULA 协议。安装配置过程保持默认即可，根据需要可自行设置 Proxy 代理地址。
Do you accept? (yes/no) yes Thank you. Installing VMware Update Manager Download Service. Logs would be store at /var/log/vmware/vmware-updatemgr/umds Creating the log directory if required.... In which directory do you want to install Download service? [/usr/local/vmware-umds] The path "/usr/local/vmware-umds" does not exist currently. This program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want? [yes] Let us setup some things for you... Do you need proxy to connect to internet? [no] One more thing...we need a storage location to store patches. Make sure you have enough space in that location Where do you want download service to store patches [/var/lib/vmware-umds] The path "/var/lib/vmware-umds" does not exist currently. This program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want? [yes] The installation of VMware Update Manager Download Service 8.0.2 build-23319993 completed successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any time by invoking the following command: "/usr/local/vmware-umds/vmware-uninstall-umds.pl". Enjoy, --the VMware team
二、UMDS 配置#
UMDS 默认安装在 /usr/local/vmware-umds 目录，我们可以进入 bin 目录使用 vmware-umds 二进制文件命令配置 UMDS 服务。
root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds --help Allowed Options: Basic Commands: -h [ --help ] Show this message -D [ --download ] Download updates based on the current configuration -E [ --export ] Export all updates that have been downloaded. -R [ --re-download ] Re-download existing updates that may be corrupted and download new updates. Use this command only if you suspect UMDS patch store is corrupted. -S [ --set-config ] Setup UMDS configuration -G [ --get-config ] Print current UMDS configuration -v [ --version ] Print UMDS version -i [ --info-level ] arg The level of information shown on the console: <verbose|info>. Use this along with download, export or re-download operation only -L [ --list-host-platforms ] List all suppported ESX platforms for download Optional argument for export: -x [ --export-store ] arg Destination directory for export operation (Overrides setting from configuration) Arguments for set-config: -u [ --add-url ] arg Add a URL to the configuration for downloading updates. Requires url-type -r [ --url-type ] arg Type of URL: <HOST>, HOST for ESX 6.x (HOST is the only supported type currently). Use with add-url -l [ --remove-url ] arg Remove URL from the configuration -P [ --patch-store ] arg Configure location for storing updates after download -o [ --default-export-store ] arg Configure location for exporting updates -p [ --proxy ] arg Configure proxy server settings. Format is host:port. Use --proxy "" to disable proxy -Y [ --enable-host ] Enable ESX host update downloads for all platforms -N [ --disable-host ] Disable ESX host update downloads for all platforms -e [ --enable-host-platform ] arg Enable ESX host update downloads for specified platforms. Specify multiple platforms separated by whitespace -d [ --disable-host-platform ] arg Disable ESX host update downloads for specified platforms. Specify multiple platforms separated by whitespace Examples: To add a new ESX host patch depot URL vmware-umds -S --add-url https://hostname/index.xml --url-type HOST To remove a URL vmware-umds -S --remove-url https://hostname/index.xml To list all supported platforms for downloading ESX host updates vmware-umds --list-host-platforms To enable downloading of ESX host updates vmware-umds -S --enable-host To enable downloading of only ESXi 6.7.0 host updates vmware-umds -S --enable-host vmware-umds -S -e embeddedEsx-6.7.0 To disable downloading of only ESXi 6.7.0 host updates vmware-umds -S --disable-host vmware-umds -S -d embeddedEsx-6.7.0 To download updates based on the current configuration vmware-umds -D To export all downloaded updates to F:\UMDS-store vmware-umds -S --default-export-store F:\UMDS-store vmware-umds -E OR vmware-umds -E --export-store F:\UMDS-store root@umds:~#
使用 -v 选项查看当前 UMDS 安装版本。
root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -v VMware Update Manager Download Service 8.0.2.0 Build = 23319993 root@umds:~#
使用 -G 选项查看当前 UMDS 配置设置。
root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -G Configured URLs URL Type Removable URL HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/addon-main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/iovp-main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/vmtools-main/vmw-depot-index.xml Patch store location : /var/lib/vmware-umds Export store location : Proxy Server : Not configured Host patch content download: enabled Host Versions for which patch content will be downloaded: esxio-8.0-INTL embeddedEsx-6.7.0-INTL embeddedEsx-7.0-INTL embeddedEsx-8.0-INTL root@umds:~#
根据获取到的 UMDS 默认配置信息，让我们来了解一下每项配置的含义和作用：
Configured URLs 配置项里默认有四个下载源，分别对应 vLCM 配置中的修补程序下载源地址，可以使用 vmware-umds -S --remove-url 或者 vmware-umds -S --add-url 命令移除或增加一个下载地址，比如第三方OEM厂商的下载源，--url-type 指定下载源的类型，如 HOST。
Patcch store localtion 配置项为我们安装的时候配置的 UMDS 默认修补程序下载的保存目录，可以使用 vmware-umds -S --patch-store 命令修改默认位置。
Export store localtion 配置项是 vLCM 所使用的默认目录，可以使用 vmware-umds -S --default-export-store 命令修改这个目录，当前设置为空，后面会设置这个地方。
Proxy Server 配置项是设置 UMDS 服务器的网络代理地址，可以使用 vmware-umds -S --proxy 命令配置一个代理地址，如 proxy-ip:port，使用 --proxy "" 地址为空来关闭代理。
Host patch content download 配置项表示是否开启 ESXi 主机的修补程序下载，可以使用 vmware-umds -S --enable-host 或者 vmware-umds -S --disable-host 命令开启或关闭这个功能。
Host Versions for which patch content will be downloaded 配置项表示设置需要下载的 ESXi 主机的修补程序版本，可以使用 vmware-umds -L 命令列出当前设置的所有版本，使用 vmware-umds -S --enable-host-platform 或者 vmware-umds -S --disable-host-platform 命令增加或移除要下载的修补程序版本。
根据实际需要自定义修改配置，比如，当前 vSphere 环境中没有 vSphere 6.7 和 vSphere 7.0 的主机，那么可以把配置下载的修补程序版本给移除掉，而无需浪费不必要的网络带宽和存储空间。
root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -S --disable-host-platform embeddedEsx-6.7.0-INTL Setting up UMDS configuration Host update downloads for platform embeddedEsx-6.7.0-INTL: Disabled root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -S --disable-host-platform embeddedEsx-7.0-INTL Setting up UMDS configuration Host update downloads for platform embeddedEsx-7.0-INTL: Disabled root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -L Supported ESX Host platforms: esxio-8.0-INTL embeddedEsx-8.0-INTL root@umds:~#
如果一切没有问题，我们可以使用 vmware-umds -D 命令开始下载主机修复程序，怀疑 UMDS 修补程序存储已损坏时，可以使用 vmware-umds -R 命令重新下载可能已损坏的现有更新并下载新的更新。因为下载的内容比较多或比较慢，我们可以在运行下载任务时，开始准备 WEB 服务器。通过 UMDS 下载了修补程序文件，现在需要设置一个 Export 目录并发布共享存储库。我这里使用 nginx 作为 web 服务器，直接运行 apt-get install nginx 命令安装并运行 nginx 服务。
root@umds:~# apt-get install nginx Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libxpm4 nginx-common nginx-core Suggested packages: libgd-tools fcgiwrap nginx-doc ssl-cert The following NEW packages will be installed: fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libxpm4 nginx nginx-common nginx-core 0 upgraded, 17 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. Need to get 2,438 kB of archives. After this operation, 7,925 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-core all 2.37-1 [1,041 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/main amd64 fontconfig-config all 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 [28.8 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libfontconfig1 amd64 2.13.1-2ubuntu3 [114 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libjpeg-turbo8 amd64 2.0.3-0ubuntu1.20.04.3 [118 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libjpeg8 amd64 8c-2ubuntu8 [2,194 B] Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libjbig0 amd64 2.1-3.1ubuntu0.20.04.1 [27.3 kB] Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libwebp6 amd64 0.6.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.3 [185 kB] Get:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libtiff5 amd64 4.1.0+git191117-2ubuntu0.20.04.12 [164 kB] Get:9 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libxpm4 amd64 1:3.5.12-1ubuntu0.20.04.2 [34.9 kB] Get:10 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgd3 amd64 2.2.5-5.2ubuntu2.1 [118 kB] Get:11 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 nginx-common all 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [37.7 kB] Get:12 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter amd64 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [14.8 kB] Get:13 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter amd64 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [13.0 kB] Get:14 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-mail amd64 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [42.9 kB] Get:15 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libnginx-mod-stream amd64 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [67.4 kB] Get:16 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 nginx-core amd64 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [425 kB] Get:17 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 nginx all 1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4 [3,620 B] Fetched 2,438 kB in 3s (900 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package fonts-dejavu-core. (Reading database ... 72467 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-fonts-dejavu-core_2.37-1_all.deb ... Unpacking fonts-dejavu-core (2.37-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package fontconfig-config. Preparing to unpack .../01-fontconfig-config_2.13.1-2ubuntu3_all.deb ... Unpacking fontconfig-config (2.13.1-2ubuntu3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libfontconfig1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-libfontconfig1_2.13.1-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libfontconfig1:amd64 (2.13.1-2ubuntu3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjpeg-turbo8:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../03-libjpeg-turbo8_2.0.3-0ubuntu1.20.04.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjpeg-turbo8:amd64 (2.0.3-0ubuntu1.20.04.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjpeg8:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../04-libjpeg8_8c-2ubuntu8_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjpeg8:amd64 (8c-2ubuntu8) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjbig0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../05-libjbig0_2.1-3.1ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjbig0:amd64 (2.1-3.1ubuntu0.20.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwebp6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-libwebp6_0.6.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libwebp6:amd64 (0.6.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtiff5:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-libtiff5_4.1.0+git191117-2ubuntu0.20.04.12_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libtiff5:amd64 (4.1.0+git191117-2ubuntu0.20.04.12) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxpm4:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../08-libxpm4_1%3a3.5.12-1ubuntu0.20.04.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxpm4:amd64 (1:3.5.12-1ubuntu0.20.04.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgd3:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../09-libgd3_2.2.5-5.2ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgd3:amd64 (2.2.5-5.2ubuntu2.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package nginx-common. Preparing to unpack .../10-nginx-common_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_all.deb ... Unpacking nginx-common (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnginx-mod-http-image-filter. Preparing to unpack .../11-libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnginx-mod-http-image-filter (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter. Preparing to unpack .../12-libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnginx-mod-mail. Preparing to unpack .../13-libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnginx-mod-mail (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnginx-mod-stream. Preparing to unpack .../14-libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnginx-mod-stream (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package nginx-core. Preparing to unpack .../15-nginx-core_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking nginx-core (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package nginx. Preparing to unpack .../16-nginx_1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4_all.deb ... Unpacking nginx (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up libxpm4:amd64 (1:3.5.12-1ubuntu0.20.04.2) ... Setting up nginx-common (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service. Setting up libjbig0:amd64 (2.1-3.1ubuntu0.20.04.1) ... Setting up libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up libwebp6:amd64 (0.6.1-2ubuntu0.20.04.3) ... Setting up fonts-dejavu-core (2.37-1) ... Setting up libjpeg-turbo8:amd64 (2.0.3-0ubuntu1.20.04.3) ... Setting up libjpeg8:amd64 (8c-2ubuntu8) ... Setting up libnginx-mod-mail (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up fontconfig-config (2.13.1-2ubuntu3) ... Setting up libnginx-mod-stream (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up libtiff5:amd64 (4.1.0+git191117-2ubuntu0.20.04.12) ... Setting up libfontconfig1:amd64 (2.13.1-2ubuntu3) ... Setting up libgd3:amd64 (2.2.5-5.2ubuntu2.1) ... Setting up libnginx-mod-http-image-filter (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up nginx-core (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Setting up nginx (1.18.0-0ubuntu1.4) ... Processing triggers for ufw (0.36-6ubuntu1.1) ... Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.23) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.16) ... root@umds:~# systemctl status nginx ● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-06-06 14:00:37 CST; 20s ago Docs: man:nginx(8) Main PID: 60808 (nginx) Tasks: 9 (limit: 19101) Memory: 8.9M CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─60808 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; ├─60809 nginx: worker process ├─60810 nginx: worker process ├─60811 nginx: worker process ├─60812 nginx: worker process ├─60813 nginx: worker process ├─60814 nginx: worker process ├─60815 nginx: worker process └─60816 nginx: worker process Jun 06 14:00:37 umds systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server... Jun 06 14:00:37 umds systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server. root@umds:~#
完成 nginx 安装和服务的启动，需对 nginx 配置做一些修改，配置文件 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 如下所示。通过对 nginx 配置，需要重启 nginx 服务。设置 web 服务器的下载目录为 /umds ，需在 UMDS 服务器根目录创建 umds 目录。
root@umds:~# mkdir /umds root@umds:~# vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default root@umds:~# cat /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default | grep -v '#' server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html; server_name localhost; location / { root /umds; autoindex on; autoindex_exact_size off; autoindex_localtime on; charset utf-8; } } root@umds:~# systemctl restart nginx root@umds:~#通过上面的配置，现在你应该能使用 UMDS 服务器的域名访问到 web 下载服务器，但是现在还没有内容，将 UMDS 的 Export 目录配置为 web 服务器下载目录 /umds ，使用 vmware-umds -S --default-export-store 命令配置目录，使用 vmware-umds -G 命令查看配置。
root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -S --default-export-store /umds Setting up UMDS configuration Directory for exporting updates: /umds root@umds:~# /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -G Configured URLs URL Type Removable URL HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/addon-main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/iovp-main/vmw-depot-index.xml HOST NO https://hostupdate.vmware.com/software/VUM/PRODUCTION/vmtools-main/vmw-depot-index.xml Patch store location : /var/lib/vmware-umds Export store location : /umds Proxy Server : Not configured Host patch content download: enabled Host Versions for which patch content will be downloaded: esxio-8.0-INTL embeddedEsx-8.0-INTL root@umds:~#
现在访问 web 服务器应该没有任何内容，之前通过 vmware-umds -D 命令下载修补程序如果已经完成，使用 vmware-umds -E 命令开始 Export 到 /umds 目录。如果任务完成，再次访问 web 服务器，可以看到 UMDS 下载的修补程序。
三、vLCM 设置#
完成对 UMDS 的安装和配置后，现在可以到 vLCM 配置指向 UMDS 存储库的下载源了。导航到 Lifecycle Manager-设置-系统管理-修补程序设置。
点击“更改下载源”，将下载源类型更改为 UMDS 并配置 UMDS 服务器的下载地址，保存设置。
点击“同步更新”。
获取元数据正常，现在你可以通过 vLCM 使用 UMDS 存储库中的修补程序来管理 vSphere 的生命周期了。
四、UMDS 调度#
通过上面的设置，你应该可以正常使用 UMDS 服务器作为 vLCM的下载存储库了，不过使用 UMDS 的这个过程需要手动完成，其实我们可以创建一个自动化任务，让 UMDS 去下载修补程序并 Export 的过程自动完成。我们可以将 Download 和 Export 这两个动作分成两个脚本，以便可以让 Crontab 程序在不同的时间调度不同的任务。
运行 UMDS 下载的脚本 umds-download.sh 和运行 UMDS 导出的脚本 umds-export.sh 如下，将这两个脚本文件放在 UMDS 服务器的 /usr/local/sbin/ 目录并增加执行权限。
root@umds:~# vim umds-download.sh root@umds:~# cat umds-download.sh /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -D root@umds:~# vim umds-export.sh root@umds:~# cat umds-export.sh /usr/local/vmware-umds/bin/vmware-umds -E root@umds:~# mv umds-* /usr/local/sbin/ root@umds:~# chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/umds-* root@umds:~# ls -l /usr/local/sbin/umds-* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42 Jun 6 17:48 /usr/local/sbin/umds-download.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42 Jun 6 17:49 /usr/local/sbin/umds-export.sh root@umds:~#
Crontab 使用语法。
# ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59) # │ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23) # │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31) # │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12) # │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6) (Sunday to Saturday) # │ │ │ │ │ # │ │ │ │ │ # │ │ │ │ │ # * * * * * <command to execute>
使用 crontab -e 命令添加定时任务，第一条表示每天凌晨12点的时候执行下载任务脚本，第二条表示每天凌晨3点的时候执行导出任务脚本。
root@umds:~# crontab -e no crontab for root - using an empty one Select an editor. To change later, run 'select-editor'. 1. /bin/nano <---- easiest 2. /usr/bin/vim.basic 3. /usr/bin/vim.tiny 4. /bin/ed Choose 1-4 [1]: 2 crontab: installing new crontab root@umds:~# crontab -l | grep -v '#' | grep -v '^$' 0 0 * * * /usr/local/sbin/umds-download.sh 0 3 * * * /usr/local/sbin/umds-export.sh root@umds:~#
Crontab 服务状态。
root@umds:~# systemctl status cron.service ● cron.service - Regular background program processing daemon Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/cron.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-06-06 16:17:11 CST; 2h 3min ago Docs: man:cron(8) Main PID: 899 (cron) Tasks: 1 (limit: 19099) Memory: 1.9M CGroup: /system.slice/cron.service └─899 /usr/sbin/cron -f Jun 06 16:17:11 umds systemd[1]: Started Regular background program processing daemon. Jun 06 16:17:11 umds cron[899]: (CRON) INFO (pidfile fd = 3) Jun 06 16:17:11 umds cron[899]: (CRON) INFO (Running @reboot jobs) Jun 06 17:17:01 umds CRON[3947]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 06 17:17:01 umds CRON[3955]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jun 06 17:17:01 umds CRON[3947]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Jun 06 18:17:01 umds CRON[5532]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 06 18:17:01 umds CRON[5533]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Jun 06 18:17:01 umds CRON[5532]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root root@umds:~#BASH复制全屏
参考：《VMware vSphere Lifecycle Manager 产品文档》
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