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网络启动二：之PXE：CentOS7.4/6.9 +TFTP+DHCP+BIOS+UEFI部署操作系统

一、基础环境搭建：

1. CentOS 7.4 Min 172.16.30.59

   安装略......。

2. TFTP+DHCP

   yum install tftp-server dhcp xinetd

   yum 源修改自行百度。

3. 配置tftp、dhcp

   3.1 修改tftp

       sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

       在防火墙中允许 tftp 服务的进入连接：

       firewall-cmd --add-service=tftp

   
   

   3.2 修改dhcp配置

   vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

--------------------  

option space PXE;

option PXE.mtftp-ip    code 1 = ip-address;

option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;

option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;

option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;

option client-system-arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

#option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 195.235.96.90;

allow booting;

allow bootp;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

#ddns-update-style interim;

subnet 172.16.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

  range 172.16.30.50 172.16.30.70;

  option routers 172.16.30.59;

 class "pxeclients" {

        match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

        next-server 172.16.30.59;

        if option client-system-arch = 00:07 or option client-system-arch = 00:09 {

         filename "uefi/shim.efi";

        } else {

         filename "pxelinux/pxelinux.0";

        }

   }

  #next-server 172.16.30.100;

}

--------------------------

systemctl start dhcp

systemctl start tftp

systemctl start xinetd

二、安装配置PXElinux

1. 安装syslinux包

现在需要完整安装 DVD 的 ISO 映像文件中 SYSLINUX 软件包中的 pxelinux.0 文件。

挂载光盘或者通过yum源安装syslinux

wget http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4/Packages/{syslinux-4.05-13.el7.x86_64.rpm,shim-x64-12-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm,grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.64.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm} -P /usr/local/src

提取软件包：

rpm2cpio syslinux-4.05-13.el7.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimv

下面软件为UEFI使用。

rpm2cpio shim-x64-12-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimv

rpm2cpio grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.64.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimv

在 tftpboot 中创建 pxelinux 目录，并将 pxelinux.0 复制到该目录中：

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/{centos6,centos7.4,pxelinux.cfg,esxi6,ubuntu16,win}

cp ./usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,vesamenu.c32,memdisk} /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux

cp ./usr/share/syslinux/memdisk /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

cp ./boot/efi/EFI/centos/shim.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

cp ./boot/efi/EFI/centos/grubx64.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

具体内核放置目录自行规划

wget http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} -P /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/centos7.4

wget http://172.16.30.121/centos6.9/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} -P /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/centos6

在 pxelinux.cfg/ 目录中添加名为 default 的配置文件。

vi pxelinux.cfg/default

----------------------------

UI vesamenu.c32

prompt 1

timeout 600

menu title Install Linux and Windows  by PXE

label linux

  menu label ^Install Centos7.4 Min

  menu default

  kernel centos7.4/vmlinuz

  append initrd=centos7.4/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4 inst.ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-7.x-min.cfg

  ############  centos6.x  ks=http://xxxxx  don't inst.ks=http

label linux

  menu label ^Install Centos6.x Min

  kernel centos6/vmlinuz

  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ip=dhcp repo=nfs:nfsvers=4:172.16.30.121:/opt/nfsdata/linux-iso/centos6.9 ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-6.x-min.cfg ksdevice=eth1

label linux

  menu label ^Install Windows 10

  kernel memdisk raw iso

  append initrd=win/W10X32_CN_PE.iso

label vesa

  menu label Install system with ^basic video driver

  kernel centos7.4/vmlinuz

  append initrd=centos7.4/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.xdriver=vesa nomodeset inst.repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4

label local

  menu label Boot from ^local drive

  localboot 0xffff

----------------------------

systemctl start dhcpd xinetd 

上面的default配置文件为通过kickstarts配置文件自动安装系统，如果对配置文件不熟悉，请去掉ks文件参数，手动安装即可。

此上面配置为通过BOIS引导启动，centos6/7 ubuntu14/16 esxi6/6.5 windows等都可以正常引导启动。

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=========================================================================

如果使用UEFI,需要做以下修改。

1. 创建uefi/grub.cfg
   

   ------------------

set timeout=60

### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

#search --no-floppy --set=root -l 'CentOS 7 x86_64'

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

menuentry 'Install CentOS 7 Min UEFI' {

        linuxefi /uefi/centos7.4/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4 inst.ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-7.x-min.cfg

        initrdefi /uefi/centos7.4/initrd.img

}

menuentry 'Install CentOS 6 Min UEFI' {

        linuxefi /uefi/centos6/vmlinuz ip=dhcp repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos6.9 ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-6.x-min.cfg

        initrdefi /uefi/centos6/initrd.img

}

menuentry 'Ubuntu 16.04 amd64' {

    set isofile="/uefi/ubuntu16/ubuntu-16.04.iso"

    loopback loop $isofile

    linuxefi (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile liveimg noprompt noeject quiet splash --

    initrdefi (loop)/casper/initrd.lz

menuentry 'Install Windows 10 UEFI' {

        linuxefi /uefi/memdisk raw iso

        initrdefi /uefi/win/W10X32_CN_PE.iso

}

menuentry 'Test this media & install CentOS 7' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {

        linuxefi /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet

        initrdefi /images/pxeboot/initrd.img

}

submenu 'Troubleshooting -->' {

        menuentry 'Install CentOS 7 in basic graphics mode' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {

                linuxefi /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet

                initrdefi /images/pxeboot/initrd.img

        }

        menuentry 'Rescue a CentOS system' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {

                linuxefi /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet

                initrdefi /images/pxeboot/initrd.img

        }

}

---------------------

2.创建内核链接

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

ln -s ../pxelinux/centos6 .

ln -s ../pxelinux/centos7.4 .

ln -s ../pxelinux/win .

UEFI配置完毕，centos7 uefi 测试成功，centos6.9和windows10提示内核太老，无法引导。

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===========================================================================================

如果使用UEFI 启动centos6、centos7、windows或其它操作系统，建议使用centos6.9里面的BOOTX64.efi

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

wget http://172.16.30.121/centos6.9/EFI/BOOT/{BOOTX64.efi,splash.xpm.gz} .

注意centos6.9 EFI配置文件名称为efidefault,与BOOTX64.efi同目录即可。

创建efidefault文件

------------

#debug --graphics

default=0

splashimage=(nd)/splash.xpm.gz

timeout 5

hiddenmenu

title CentOS 6.9 UEFI

        root (nd)

        kernel /centos6/vmlinuz ip=dhcp ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-6.x-min.cfg repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos6.9 ksdevice=eth1

        initrd /centos6/initrd.img

title CentOS 7.4 UEFI 

        root (nd)

        kernel /centos7.4/vmlinuz ip=dhcp ks=http://172.16.30.121/kickstarts/Centos-7.x-min.cfg repo=http://172.16.30.121/centos7.4

        initrd /centos7.4/initrd.img

title Install system with basic video driver

        kernel /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz nomodeset askmethod

        initrd /images/pxeboot/initrd.img

title rescue

        kernel /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz rescue askmethod

        initrd /images/pxeboot/initrd.img

----------------------

测试可以正常的通过UEFI 启动引导。