23
2025
04
09:11:11

基于DHCP服务器使用 PXE 引导和 kickstart (UEFI) 自动安装 ESXi 7

基于DHCP服务器使用 PXE 引导和 kickstart (UEFI) 自动安装 ESXi 7
基于UEFI的PXE安装 ESXi 7
PXE网络引导自动化安装 ESXi 7 详解
PXE+Kickstart 批量安装 ESXi 7
使用PXE 和TFTP 引导ESXi 安装ESXi 7 程序

1 基于DHCP服务器使用 PXE 引导和 kickstart (UEFI) 自动安装 ESXi 7 录制视频

2 浪潮NF5280M5服务器基于DHCP服务器使用 PXE 引导和 kickstart (UEFI) 自动安装 ESXi 7 录制视频

#CentOS 7 系统 安装dhcp服务器 、 tftp-server服务器 、 web服务器 yum install -y dhcp tftp-server httpd

1、配置DHCP服务器

守护进程 :/etc/sbin/dhcpd

脚本:/etc/init.d/dhcpd

端口:67(bootps) 服务端,68(bootpc) 客户端

配置文件:/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

租约信息:/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

配置文件:cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

修改DHCP监听特定端口 vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd


#编辑DHCP服务器配置文件

vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf


default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

log-facility local7;


subnet 10.53.220.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

  range 10.53.220.41 10.53.220.49;

  option domain-name-servers 10.1.0.1, 114.114.114.114;   #DNS服务器IP地址

  option routers 10.53.220.1;                             #网关地址

  next-server 10.53.220.224;                              # 指定TFTP服务器地址

  filename "/mboot.efi";                                  # 指定网络引导映像文件

}

#绑定IP地址

host zhangfangzhou {                                      #zhangfangzhou 随意指定,但必须唯一

  hardware ethernet 00:50:56:99:06:b7;

  fixed-address 10.53.220.48;

}



#DHCP的服务设置开机启动、启动DHCP服务
systemctl enable dhcpd && systemctl start dhcpd

########防火墙设置
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=67/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=68/udp --permanent
#重新载入配置
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all #查看防火墙规则,只显示/etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml中防火墙策略

2、配置 tftp 服务器

启用 tftp 服务

vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp


# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot # TFTP服务器顶级目录

        disable                 = no    # 从yes修改为no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}



#tftp的服务设置开机启动、启动tftp服务
systemctl enable tftp && systemctl start tftp

########防火墙设置
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=69/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=69/udp --permanent
#重新载入配置
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all #查看防火墙规则,只显示/etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml中防火墙策略

3、挂载ESXi 7 镜像

#创建文件夹,主要是下载ESXi 7和挂载ESXi 7使用
mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/{iso,ESXi70u2}
wget -P /var/lib/tftpboot/iso  http://10.53.123.144/ISO/ESXi/VMware-VMvisor-Installer-7.0U2a-17867351.x86_64.iso
cd /var/lib/tftpboot
mount /var/lib/tftpboot/iso/VMware-VMvisor-Installer-7.0U2a-17867351.x86_64.iso /var/lib/tftpboot/ESXi70u2     #重启后需要重新mount

#1、UEFI启动 ESXi 7
将上面DHCP服务器指定的启动镜像文件复制到指定目录下。上面的设置示例名为“mboot.efi”,因此将其复制为该名称。
cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp -p /var/lib/tftpboot/ESXi70u2/efi/boot/bootx64.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/mboot.efi

直接在 tftpboot 下复制名为 boot.cfg 的文件,该文件描述了引导设置。
cp -p /var/lib/tftpboot/ESXi70u2/efi/boot/boot.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/boot.cfg

 #2、传统BIOS启动 ESXi 7
如果要使用旧版 BIOS,则需要3.86版的 syslinux 软件包。从 https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/ 下载包
cd /tmp
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/3.xx/syslinux-3.86.tar.gz
tar xvzf syslinux-3.86.tar.gz
cp -p syslinux-3.86/core/mboot.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/
#3、修改boot.cfg
删除 boot.cfg 中文件路径的“/”
sed -i 's|/||g' boot.cfg

4、检查boot.cfg

根据您的环境更改“标题”和“前缀”。为“title”使用一个描述性名称是个好主意,它是自动安装过程中显示的标题字符。“前缀prefix”指定存储 ESXi 安装程序的目录。在这种情况下,它将是“ESXi70u2”。


修改title和refix名称

prefix=ESXi70u2 (ESXi70u2就是上面ESXi ISO文件mount的文件夹)


# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/boot.cfg

bootstate=0

title=Loading ESXi installer www.zhangfangzhou.cn

timeout=5

prefix=ESXi70u2

kernel=b.b00

kernelopt=runweasel cdromBoot

modules=jumpstrt.gz --- useropts.gz --- features.gz --- k.b00 --- uc_intel.b00 --- uc_amd.b00 --- uc_hygon.b00 --- procfs.b00 --- vmx.v00 --- vim.v00 --- tpm.v00 --- sb.v00 --- s.v00 --- atlantic.v00 --- bnxtnet.v00 --- bnxtroce.v00 --- brcmfcoe.v00 --- brcmnvme.v00 --- elxiscsi.v00 --- elxnet.v00 --- i40enu.v00 --- iavmd.v00 --- icen.v00 --- igbn.v00 --- irdman.v00 --- iser.v00 --- ixgben.v00 --- lpfc.v00 --- lpnic.v00 --- lsi_mr3.v00 --- lsi_msgp.v00 --- lsi_msgp.v01 --- lsi_msgp.v02 --- mtip32xx.v00 --- ne1000.v00 --- nenic.v00 --- nfnic.v00 --- nhpsa.v00 --- nmlx4_co.v00 --- nmlx4_en.v00 --- nmlx4_rd.v00 --- nmlx5_co.v00 --- nmlx5_rd.v00 --- ntg3.v00 --- nvme_pci.v00 --- nvmerdma.v00 --- nvmxnet3.v00 --- nvmxnet3.v01 --- pvscsi.v00 --- qcnic.v00 --- qedentv.v00 --- qedrntv.v00 --- qfle3.v00 --- qfle3f.v00 --- qfle3i.v00 --- qflge.v00 --- rste.v00 --- sfvmk.v00 --- smartpqi.v00 --- vmkata.v00 --- vmkfcoe.v00 --- vmkusb.v00 --- vmw_ahci.v00 --- clusters.v00 --- crx.v00 --- elx_esx_.v00 --- btldr.v00 --- esx_dvfi.v00 --- esx_ui.v00 --- esxupdt.v00 --- tpmesxup.v00 --- weaselin.v00 --- loadesx.v00 --- lsuv2_hp.v00 --- lsuv2_in.v00 --- lsuv2_ls.v00 --- lsuv2_nv.v00 --- lsuv2_oe.v00 --- lsuv2_oe.v01 --- lsuv2_oe.v02 --- lsuv2_sm.v00 --- native_m.v00 --- qlnative.v00 --- vdfs.v00 --- vmware_e.v00 --- vsan.v00 --- vsanheal.v00 --- vsanmgmt.v00 --- tools.t00 --- xorg.v00 --- gc.v00 --- imgdb.tgz --- basemisc.tgz --- resvibs.tgz --- imgpayld.tgz

build=7.0.2-0.0.17867351

updated=0


到这一步可以实现通过PXE网络安装ESXi

5、配置web 服务器


#默认网站目录/var/www/html

systemctl enable httpd && systemctl start httpd


########防火墙设置

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp --permanent

#重新载入配置

firewall-cmd --reload

firewall-cmd --list-all #查看防火墙规则,只显示/etc/firewalld/zones/public.xml中防火墙策略


6、配置 ESXi 7 的 kickstart


示例 kickstart 文件存储在 ESXi 的 /etc/vmware/weasel/ks.cfg 中。将此复制到 http 服务器上的 /var/www/html

#示例 1 kickstart 文件,给ESXi 7 配置 静态IP地址

vi /var/www/html/ks.cfg

#####################

# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement

vmaccepteula

 

# Set the root password for the DCUI and Tech Support Mode

rootpw P@ssw0rd

 

# The install media is in the CD-ROM drive

install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs

 

# Set the network on the first network adapter

network --bootproto=static --device=vmnic0 --ip=10.53.220.199 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --vlanid=0 --gateway=10.53.220.1 --hostname=10.53.220.199 --nameserver=10.1.0.1

#vmserialnum

vmserialnum --esx=5U4TK-DML1M-M8550-XK1QP-1A052

# reboot after install

reboot

 

# run the following command only on the firstboot

%firstboot --interpreter=busybox

sleep 10

# enable & start remote ESXi Shell (SSH)

vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh

vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh

sleep 1

# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)

vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell

vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

sleep 1

# enable High Performance

esxcli system settings advanced set --option=/Power/CpuPolicy --string-value="High Performance"

sleep 1

#Disable ipv6

esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=0

sleep 1

#不加入体验

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/HostClientCEIPOptIn -i 2

sleep 1

#enable ntp

/bin/esxcli system ntp set --server=ntp.aliyun.com

sleep 1

/bin/chkconfig ntpd on

sleep 1

#Disable ShellWarning

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1

sleep 1

cat << EOF > /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAgEA6PP8/RDdYIqUq6DE3zj9Qs8AF3uzfYH5lYrB+mMxxfI8kq2NIzQlsW1KDaH/fWYTkkK120lPUu97lWic9Li3Z3iFR6Nh4q6PVTfBNt4xOx754Ipqtpefk+9sLZAYEPK8pnRP0QZv7CtDFv842tfUYIrVNnecRQTFfNtnGDcXnO1u2RE1kq6Tr5N3595PbPLDKczjOFnS+jy0MeKKHPJcZfYz7TUTSzTwTHYbPRRaQ8/0eihUwzpAmXRo9NYNle26qp6+SlRsjGSBcUr0rh0wSe6r/C2btnpOUd//aFvcl8plhyb++nivlhB71v+6I0UcPoSXOIVs/1QuHEMbv7Ircjb2emqHtZDpk8KSYhgV0ZdbAq9XOcux76eok//xtjbleKPAcDMY/KotIEh7QX4NLQxSJOm5gCLkn5kbrHfVx6nWlGzVVds1sDlcnSAWul5lFiI5ZkArXFKcnm+aCnStPpx5SSCpZpMUdZvt8ZA7vLx3xjMDFwv5HTuTFwB9mlZrdfqp5USC2mWC3eAAPE7GxDSfJv9epteIYywIP9NVT3Z4ng9z6jrcFfA4GFlfLrk8J71cnxZ/AWZXXUwp3ooE/Cp3jc473VpK7FZwjQ7Xz9PD8WQgMOO4xnGQhPWlxhRuoTYyQVa0xOBO9gh9Cuc6zq5FQgYQEcSB+/FBJ/YNDIc= www.zhangfangzhou.cn

EOF

sleep 1

date > /finished.stamp

# Restart a last time

reboot

#示例 2 kickstart 文件,ESXi 7 通过 DHCP 服务器获得IP地址

vi /var/www/html/ks.cfg


# Accept the VMware End User License Agreement

vmaccepteula

 

# Set the root password for the DCUI and Tech Support Mode

rootpw P@ssw0rd

 

# The install media is in the CD-ROM drive

install --firstdisk --overwritevmfs

 

# Set the network on the first network adapter

network --bootproto=dhcp

#vmserialnum

vmserialnum --esx=5U4TK-DML1M-M8550-XK1QP-1A052

# reboot after install

reboot

 

# run the following command only on the firstboot

%firstboot --interpreter=busybox

sleep 10

# enable & start remote ESXi Shell (SSH)

vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh

vim-cmd hostsvc/start_ssh

sleep 1

# enable & start ESXi Shell (TSM)

vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_esx_shell

vim-cmd hostsvc/start_esx_shell

sleep 1

# enable High Performance

esxcli system settings advanced set --option=/Power/CpuPolicy --string-value="High Performance"

sleep 1

#Disable ipv6

esxcli network ip set --ipv6-enabled=0

sleep 1

#不加入体验

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/HostClientCEIPOptIn -i 2

sleep 1

#enable ntp

/bin/esxcli system ntp set --server=ntp.aliyun.com

sleep 1

/bin/chkconfig ntpd on

sleep 1

#Disable ShellWarning

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1

sleep 1

cat << EOF > /etc/ssh/keys-root/authorized_keys

ssh-rsa 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 www.zhangfangzhou.cn

EOF

sleep 1

date > /finished.stamp

# Restart a last time

reboot


7、最终boot.cfg配置文件

# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/boot.cfg

bootstate=0

title=Loading ESXi installer www.zhangfangzhou.cn

timeout=5

prefix=ESXi70u2

kernel=b.b00

kernelopt=ks=http://10.53.220.224/ks.cfg

modules=jumpstrt.gz --- useropts.gz --- features.gz --- k.b00 --- uc_intel.b00 --- uc_amd.b00 --- uc_hygon.b00 --- procfs.b00 --- vmx.v00 --- vim.v00 --- tpm.v00 --- sb.v00 --- s.v00 --- atlantic.v00 --- bnxtnet.v00 --- bnxtroce.v00 --- brcmfcoe.v00 --- brcmnvme.v00 --- elxiscsi.v00 --- elxnet.v00 --- i40enu.v00 --- iavmd.v00 --- icen.v00 --- igbn.v00 --- irdman.v00 --- iser.v00 --- ixgben.v00 --- lpfc.v00 --- lpnic.v00 --- lsi_mr3.v00 --- lsi_msgp.v00 --- lsi_msgp.v01 --- lsi_msgp.v02 --- mtip32xx.v00 --- ne1000.v00 --- nenic.v00 --- nfnic.v00 --- nhpsa.v00 --- nmlx4_co.v00 --- nmlx4_en.v00 --- nmlx4_rd.v00 --- nmlx5_co.v00 --- nmlx5_rd.v00 --- ntg3.v00 --- nvme_pci.v00 --- nvmerdma.v00 --- nvmxnet3.v00 --- nvmxnet3.v01 --- pvscsi.v00 --- qcnic.v00 --- qedentv.v00 --- qedrntv.v00 --- qfle3.v00 --- qfle3f.v00 --- qfle3i.v00 --- qflge.v00 --- rste.v00 --- sfvmk.v00 --- smartpqi.v00 --- vmkata.v00 --- vmkfcoe.v00 --- vmkusb.v00 --- vmw_ahci.v00 --- clusters.v00 --- crx.v00 --- elx_esx_.v00 --- btldr.v00 --- esx_dvfi.v00 --- esx_ui.v00 --- esxupdt.v00 --- tpmesxup.v00 --- weaselin.v00 --- loadesx.v00 --- lsuv2_hp.v00 --- lsuv2_in.v00 --- lsuv2_ls.v00 --- lsuv2_nv.v00 --- lsuv2_oe.v00 --- lsuv2_oe.v01 --- lsuv2_oe.v02 --- lsuv2_sm.v00 --- native_m.v00 --- qlnative.v00 --- vdfs.v00 --- vmware_e.v00 --- vsan.v00 --- vsanheal.v00 --- vsanmgmt.v00 --- tools.t00 --- xorg.v00 --- gc.v00 --- imgdb.tgz --- basemisc.tgz --- resvibs.tgz --- imgpayld.tgz

build=7.0.2-0.0.17867351

updated=0




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