Rsyslog使用
1.Rsyslog介绍
Rsyslog is Rocket-fast System for Log processing.Rsyslog是CentOS6系列默认的日志处理软件。Rsyslog基于模块化设计,提供高性能,安全的日志处理系统。Rsyslog是多线程的,支持TCP,UDP,TLS,RELP.Rsyslog实际上syslog的一个增强版本。
2.安装Rsyslog
CentOS下默认已经安装了rsyslog
查看rsyslog运行状态
$service rsyslog status
rsyslogd (pid 7542) is running...
$ ps -ef|grep rsyslog|grep -v grep
root 1014 1 0 2014 ? 00:15:09 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5
这里-c 5 是在/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog中定义的
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog # Options for rsyslogd # Syslogd options are deprecated since rsyslog v3. # If you want to use them, switch to compatibility mode 2 by "-c 2"# See rsyslogd(8) for more details SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 5"
3.配置rsyslog
rsyslog的配置文件/etc/rsyslog.conf
# rsyslog v5 configuration file# For more information see /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-*/rsyslog_conf.html# If you experience problems, see http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/troubleshoot.html#### MODULES ####$ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)$ModLoad imklog # provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd)#$ModLoad immark # provides --MARK-- message capability# Provides UDP syslog reception#$ModLoad imudp#$UDPServerRun 514# Provides TCP syslog reception#$ModLoad imtcp#$InputTCPServerRun 514#### GLOBAL DIRECTIVES ##### Use default timestamp format$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat# File syncing capability is disabled by default. This feature is usually not required,# not useful and an extreme performance hit#$ActionFileEnableSync on# Include all config files in /etc/rsyslog.d/$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf#### RULES ##### Log all kernel messages to the console.# Logging much else clutters up the screen.#kern.* /dev/console# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.# Don't log private authentication messages!*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages# The authpriv file has restricted access.authpriv.* /var/log/secure# Log all the mail messages in one place.mail.* -/var/log/maillog# Log cron stuffcron.* /var/log/cron# Everybody gets emergency messages*.emerg *# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler# Save boot messages also to boot.loglocal7.* /var/log/boot.log# ### begin forwarding rule #### The statement between the begin ... end define a SINGLE forwarding# rule. They belong together, do NOT split them. If you create multiple# forwarding rules, duplicate the whole block!# Remote Logging (we use TCP for reliable delivery)## An on-disk queue is created for this action. If the remote host is# down, messages are spooled to disk and sent when it is up again.#$WorkDirectory /var/lib/rsyslog # where to place spool files#$ActionQueueFileName fwdRule1 # unique name prefix for spool files#$ActionQueueMaxDiskSpace 1g # 1gb space limit (use as much as possible)#$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save messages to disk on shutdown#$ActionQueueType LinkedList # run asynchronously#$ActionResumeRetryCount -1 # infinite retries if host is down# remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:514, port optional#*.* @@remote-host:514# ### end of the forwarding rule ###
$ cat /etc/rsyslog.conf|grep -v -E "^#|^$"$ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)$ModLoad imklog # provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd)$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages authpriv.* /var/log/secure mail.* -/var/log/maillog cron.* /var/log/cron *.emerg * uucp,news.crit /var/log/spoolerlocal7.* /var/log/boot.log
配置格式如下:
日志类型.日志级别 日志处理方式
日志类型 | 说明 |
auth | pam模块产生的日志 |
authpriv | ssh,sftp等的登录验证信息 |
cron | 定时任务相关日志 |
kernel | 内核相关日志 |
lpr | 打印日志 |
mail | 邮件相关日志 |
news | 新闻组 |
user | 用户程序产生的日志 |
local 1-7 | 自定义的日志设备 |
日志级别 | 说明 | 级别值 |
debug | 调试信息 | 7 |
info | 一般信息 | |
notice | 普通信息 | |
warning | 警告信息 | 4 |
err | 错误信息 | |
crit | 严重信息 | |
alert | 告警信息 | |
emerg | 紧急信息 | |
none |
连接符合 | 说明 |
.xxx | 表示大于或等于xxx级别的信息 |
.=xxx | 表示等于xxx级别的信息 |
.!xxx | 除了xxx级别的信息 |
日志处理方式
# 记录到普通文件或设备文件*.* /var/log/file.log # 绝对路径*.* /dev/pts/0# 测试:# logger 命令用于产生日志logger -p local3.info 'KadeFor is testing the rsyslog and logger'# 转发到远程*.* @192.168.0.1 # 使用UDP协议转发到192.168.0.1的514(默认)端口*.* @@192.168.0.1:10514 # 使用TCP协议转发到192.168.0.1的10514(默认)端口 # 发送给用户(需要在线才能收到)*.* root *.* root,kadefor,up01 # 使用,号分隔多个用户*.* * # *号表示所有在线用户 # 忽略,丢弃local3.* ~ # 忽略所有local3类型的所有级别的日志 # 执行脚本local3.* ^/tmp/a.sh # ^号后跟可执行脚本或程序的绝对路径# 日志内容可以作为脚本的第一个参数.# 可用来触发报警
日志的记录有先后顺序
# Save boot messages also to boot.loglocal7.* /var/log/boot.loglocal3.* /var/log/local3.log
添加一行,然后执行service rsyslogd restart
然后执行
$ logger -p local3.info 'KadeFor is testing the rsyslog and logger'
在查看日志
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/local3.log
Feb 25 16:28:06 xxxx xxx: KadeFor is testing the rsyslog and logger
# 过滤日志, 由:号开头:msg, contains, "error" /var/log/error.log:msg, contains, "error" ~ # 忽略包含error的日志:msg, contains, "user nagios" ~:msg, contains, "user kadefor" ~:msg, contains, "module-alsa-sink.c: ALSA woke us up to write new data to the device, but there was actually nothing to write" ~ local3.* ~# PS.& ~ # 忽略所有的日志
$template myFormat,"%rawmsg%n"$ActionFileDefaultTemplate myFormat #如果不要$ActionFileDefaultTemplate myFormat这一行, 就需要像这样来使用模板:#在日志文件后添加模板名, 并用;号分隔$template myFormat,"%rawmsg%n" # The authpriv file has restricted access.authpriv.* /var/log/secure;myFormat# Log all the mail messages in one place.mail.* /var/log/maillog;myFormat# Log cron stuffcron.* /var/log/cron;myFormat# Everybody gets emergency messages*.emerg *# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler;myFormat# Save boot messages also to boot.loglocal7.* /var/log/boot.log;myFormat
# 只要在rsyslog.conf中加入*.* @192.168.0.10*.* @192.168.0.10:10514 # 带端口号*.* @@192.168.0.10 # TCP使用一个@表示UDP,两个@@表示TCP
配置远程发送接收syslog日志
案例1:
客户端:
# remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:514, port optional*.* @@10.10.41.17:514# ### end of the forwarding rule ###
这里设置将所有的日志都通过TCP方式发送到远程的rsyslog服务器
然后执行
service rsyslog restart
服务端:
# Provides UDP syslog reception$ModLoad imudp$UDPServerRun 514# Provides TCP syslog reception$ModLoad imtcp$InputTCPServerRun 514
然后执行
service rsyslog restart
现在客户端的rsyslog日志就可以直接发送一份到服务端
案例2:
客户端:
:rawmsg,contains,"sdns_log" @@10.10.41.17:rawmsg,contains,"sdns_log" ~
前面讲过rsyslog的日志记录是有先后顺序的,这里将包含sdns_log的日志先发送到服务端,然后本地丢弃
重新启动rsyslog
服务端:
# Provides TCP syslog reception$ModLoad imtcp$InputTCPServerRun 514$template logformat,"%TIMESTAMP:::date-mysql% %FROMHOST-IP%%msg%n"$template DynFile,"/var/log/tlog%$year%%$month%%$day%.log":rawmsg,contains,"sdns_log" ?DynFile;logformat :rawmsg,contians,"sdns_log" ~
然后执行
service rsyslog restart
客户端测试:
$ logger -p user.info "sdns_log 34334"
查看服务端日志
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/tlog20150227.log
20150227113413 10.10.41.20 sdns_log 34334n
把不同服务器发送过来的日志存放到不同的文件
:fromhost-ip, isequal, "192.168.0.160" /var/log/host160.log:FROMHOST-IP, isequal, "192.168.0.161" /var/log/host161.log:FROMHOST-IP, startswith, "192.168.1." /var/log/network1.log:FROMHOST-IP, startswith, "192.168.2." /var/log/network2.log
案例3
自定义修改ssh的日志记录
修改ssh的配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config
SyslogFacility local5
这里将ssh的日志类型设置为local5,默认是AUTHPRIV
然后重新加载sshd
修改/etc/rsyslog.conf
添加
local5.* /var/log/sshd.log
将local5类型的日志记录到/var/log/sshd.log这个文件
然后重新启动rsyslog
查看日志
案例4
将mail日志保存到远程服务器的/var/log/newmail.log文件
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