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Centos7和RHEL7最小安装中竟然没有我最常用的ifconfig和netstat
# ifconfig -bash: ifconfig: command not found
很好，原来centos/rhel准备把这两个指令作废，那怎么办？一是安装，二是改用别的指令。
安装
yum有提供一个寻找程式所属套件的方法
# yum provides ifconfig # yum whatprovides ifconfig
安装 infconfig
# yum install net-tools
安装 traceroute
# yum install traceroute
这样装完就有ifconfig、netstat和route以及traceroute和traceroute6了
改用别的指令
其实ifconfig在7版中全部有新指令代替，所以可能要学习新的方法。
ifconfig改用ip addr
这个和ifconfig 显示的一样
# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:ba:0b:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 163.17.xx.xx/25 brd 163.17.40.127 scope global ens192 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 2001:288:5400:0:250:56ff:feba:b07/64 scope global dynamic valid_lft 2591718sec preferred_lft 2591718sec inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feba:b07/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看介面传输状态-s是详细显示
# ip -s link 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 4400 45 0 0 0 0 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 4400 45 0 0 0 0 2: ens192: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:ba:0b:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast 207938930 2541628 0 1809366 0 495 TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns 788417 8512 0 0 0 0
# ip link 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens192: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:ba:0b:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
netstat改用ss
netstat是很重要的连线观察工具，使用新的指令ss来取代，功能也是差不多。
TCP listen
# ss -lt
UDP listen
# ss -ul
TCP连线
# ss -t
traceroute/traceroute6改成tracepath
# tracepath 168.95.1.1 1: 163.17.XX.XX 0.187ms pmtu 1500 1: 163.17.40.126 0.263ms 2: 163.17.38.250 0.555ms 3: br-NCHU-APTG.TANet.edu.tw 19.799ms 4: no reply 5: tchn-3302.hinet.net 1.395ms asymm 6 6: tchn-3011.hinet.net 15.089ms 7: 202-39-179-185.HINET-IP.hinet.net 1.533ms 8: 202-39-179-173.HINET-IP.hinet.net 4.435ms reached Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 8 back 248
route改为ip -route
route table 看起来有点不习惯
# ip route
route6 IPv6的route table
# ip -6 rou
arp改为ip nei查看附件的arp和IPv6的neighbor，这个把v6 v4整合的还不错。
# ip neighbor
网卡接口开关
# ifconfig eth1 up # ifconfig eth1 down
改为
# ip l set eth1 up # ip l set eth1 down
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